The Iceberg of Violences

Objective:

  • To gain an in-depth understanding of the expressions and forms of gender-based violence;
  • To make connections between theory and practice;
  • To apply an intersectional approach to gender analysis.

Duration: As long as necessary.

Materials: Image of the gender-based violence iceberg, a sheet of paper, a pen, a comfortable and quiet space.

Development

Look at the image of the gender-based violence iceberg.

For each violence mentioned, write down a concrete example of such violence, the more concrete the better. It can be something that has happened to you, but also something you have heard, observed or read about.

E.g., “humiliate”: during last year’s Christmas dinner, being present 10 guests, Carlos, Maria’s husband, said to her in front of everyone “Maria, have you tried to make the meatloaf again? LOL, she tries every year and it always comes out as hard as the sole of her shoe”.

If you feel like it, you can give a range of examples, some more obvious and others subtler.

If you can’t think of anything, we invite you to visit our resources section to learn more about it.

To make it more complex, we invite you to ask yourself the following questions:

  • Do you think that this violence is also exercised in a specific way towards other socio-political subjects (black people, gypsy community, gay or trans* people, fat people, people with functional diversity, young or old people…)?
  • What would be different? Do you think these examples can be “summative” and not exclusive (e.g., suffering different declinations of these violences because you are a woman and an Arab)?

If you are interested in further exploring these questions, you can explore the resources section at the end of the exercise.

Can you give examples of how this violence is expressed towards these people?

Variation for men who want to adopt egalitarian models of masculinity: What could you do to break the reproduction of this violence?

The iceberg
Credit: Victoria Stetsko/Oxfam

Conclusion

What could you do to work on the prevention of this violence with your participants?

Write down five good practices for working with vulnerable youth.

References/resources for further work on the subject